Christian apologist, theologian, author, and former documentary filmmaker with a strong academic and ministry background. Graduate of Cedarville University (B.A. Speech Communications, Pre-Seminary Bible), Immanuel Theological Seminary (Th.M. and Th.D. in Christian Apologetics and New Testament Textual Criticism), the Israel Bible Center (Postgraduate studies in Biblical Hebrew), the Pontifical Athenaeum Regina Apostolorum in Rome (Postgraduate studies in Shroud studies) and Dallas Theological Seminary (Postgraduate studies). Produced faith-based documentaries through Ensign Media, distributed by Vision Video and Gateway Films. Husband to Kathy, father, and grandfather. Resides in Morrow, Ohio.
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Was the Man on the Shroud of Turin Jewish?
“So they took the body of Jesus and bound it in linen cloths with the spices, as is the burial custom of the Jews.” – John 19:40 (ESV) Imagine discovering a burial cloth bearing the image of a crucified man. Not just any man, but one whose wounds match Roman crucifixion, whose burial reflects Jewish…
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A Small Book with a Vast Vision of God
Samuel G. Parkison’s The Fountain of Life: Contemplating the Aseity of God (Crossway) is a small book that opens into immeasurable depths. In fewer than one hundred pages, Parkison accomplishes something rare: he takes one of the most profound and often intimidating doctrines in classical Christian theology and renders it luminous, worshipful, and pastorally nourishing. The doctrine…
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When the Dirt Speaks
Archaeology and the Historical Reliability of the Bible For more than two centuries, a dominant narrative in skeptical scholarship claimed that the Bible was myth layered over faint historical memory. Nineteenth-century higher criticism approached the Old Testament with deep suspicion. Entire people groups were dismissed as imaginary. Kings were labeled legendary. Cities were treated as…
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Chance, Necessity, or Design? Which Takes More Faith?
“For thus says the Lord, who created the heavens (he is God!), who formed the earth and made it, he established it; he did not create it empty, he formed it to be inhabited . . . ”Isaiah 45:18 (ESV) When modern skeptics speak about “faith,” they often mean blind belief in the absence of…
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Giants, Watchers, and the Days of Noah
What Second Temple Judaism Actually Believed About Genesis 6 Genesis 6:1–4 is one of the shortest passages in the Torah, yet it is one of the most debated. Modern Christians often approach it cautiously, sometimes even nervously, but in the centuries before Christ, Jewish interpreters were far less hesitant. If we want to understand how…
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The Ancient World of the Paranormal
From Cult Temples to Haunted Doll Rooms “They sacrificed to demons that were no gods, to gods they had never known.”Deuteronomy 32:17 (ESV) A Clarifying Note for Readers Not all ancient peoples held identical beliefs about idols, and not all modern readers who question this topic are dismissive of history or faith. This article does…
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Are Some Things Truly Right and Wrong?
The moral argument for God Most people do not need to be taught that some things are wrong. You do not need a rulebook to know that abusing a child is evil or that betraying a close friend feels deeply wrong. Even when cultures disagree about details, there is a shared sense that some actions…
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When God’s Commands Sound Like a Doctor’s Advice
“Beloved, I pray that all may go well with you and that you may be in good health, as it goes well with your soul.”3 John 2 One of the most surprising things about the Bible is how often its moral guidance overlaps with what modern medicine and psychology have discovered through decades of observation,…
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Early High Christology Before the New Testament
What the Earliest Christian Creeds Reveal About Jesus “Therefore God has highly exalted Him and bestowed on Him the name that is above every name.”Philippians 2:9 One of the most persistent claims made against Christianity is that belief in Jesus as divine developed slowly over time, allegedly influenced by Greco Roman philosophy and only solidified…
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Second Temple Judaism and the World of Jesus
And why it matters for interpretation “When the fullness of time had come, God sent forth his Son.”Galatians 4:4 Jesus did not appear in a vacuum. He entered a world shaped by centuries of history, trauma, hope, and expectation. To understand His words and actions rightly, we must understand the Jewish world in which He…
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When a Skeptic’s Expectations of God Sound Strangely Biblical
“Nothing outside a person that goes into him can defile him, but the things that come out of a person are what defile him.”Mark 7:15 Disclaimer:This article is not written as an attack on Dr. Sean Carroll or as an attempt to misrepresent his views. I have great respect for his willingness to engage thoughtfully…
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Clean and Unclean
Why these were not moral categories and how misunderstanding them distorts the Gospels “Nothing outside a person that goes into him can defile him, but the things that come out of a person are what defile him.”Mark 7:15 Few biblical concepts are more misunderstood than the idea of clean and unclean. Modern readers often assume…
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Covenant Thinking vs Contract Thinking
Why God’s relationship with His people is built on faithfulness, not fine print “I will be your God, and you shall be my people.”Jeremiah 31:33 Modern readers often approach their relationship with God as though it were a contract. A contract is built on terms, performance, and enforcement. Each party agrees to certain obligations, and…
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Would You Suffer or Die for What You Knew Was a Lie?
Why the apostles’ suffering still matters One of the most common objections to Christianity sounds reasonable at first. People often say, “People die for false beliefs all the time. That doesn’t prove anything.” History certainly shows that many individuals have given their lives for ideas that turned out to be wrong. But this objection misses…
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Was Jesus a Legend or a Real Historical Figure?
What historians actually say It is not uncommon to hear someone claim that Jesus never really existed. You will see it in comment sections, short videos, and memes that confidently state Christianity began as a myth copied from older religions. For many teens, these claims can sound convincing, especially when they are presented quickly and…
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Did Jesus Really Fulfill Old Testament Prophecy?
Why even a few fulfilled prophecies point beyond coincidence One of the most overlooked reasons Christians believe Jesus is the Messiah is prophecy. Long before Jesus was born, the Hebrew Scriptures described what the coming Messiah would be like. These writings were not vague spiritual ideas written afterward. They existed centuries before the life of…
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Are All Religions Basically the Same?
Why they cannot all be true at the same time This idea is everywhere. You hear it in classrooms, online videos, and casual conversations. When people talk about religion, someone almost always says, “Aren’t all religions basically the same?” The statement usually sounds kind and tolerant. It seems to promote peace rather than division. But…
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Why Would a Loving God Allow Suffering?
Pain, evil, and where hope fits Few questions feel as personal as this one. It usually does not come from curiosity alone. It comes from experience, from loss, from watching someone you love struggle, and from moments that feel unfair or meaningless. When suffering touches real life, the question becomes unavoidable. If God is loving,…
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Part 2: Where Does the Universe Go?
Expansion, Cosmic Order, and the Question of God “Can you bind the chains of the Pleiadesor loose the cords of Orion?”Job 38:31¹ In the previous reflection, we considered the unseen structure of the universe and how invisible realities shape everything that can be seen. Yet the hidden architecture of creation does not merely hold the…
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Part 1: Where Does Darkness Dwell?
The Hidden Architecture of Creation and the Question of God “Where is the way to the dwelling of light, and where is the place of darkness?”Job 38:19¹ When God finally speaks to Job from the whirlwind, He does not answer Job’s suffering with a direct explanation. Instead, He asks questions that reorient Job’s perspective. These…
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Honor and Shame Culture
Why reputation, restoration, and public identity mattered more than private guilt “The one who covers an offense seeks love, but whoever repeats a matter separates close friends.”Proverbs 17:9 Modern Western readers often approach the Bible through the lens of guilt and innocence. We tend to think primarily in legal categories. What law was broken? Who…
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